James roche



\(Mode1.).

J. ROCHE. LOCK.

No. 481,736. Patented Aug. 30, 1892.

Ilo

NITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.-

.IAMES ROCHE, OF TERRYVILLE, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO THE EAGLE LOCK COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

LOCK.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 481,736, dated August 30, 1892.

Application led April 4, 1892. Serial No. 427.655. (Model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, JAMES ROCHE, of Terryville, in the county of Litchfield and State of Connecticut, havel invented a new Improvement in Safety-Locks; and I do hereby declare the following, when taken in connection with accompanying drawings and the letters of reference marked thereon, to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, and which said drawings constitute part of this specification, and represent, in

Figure 1, a plan view of a lock constructed in accordance with my invention with all of its members removed from its case except its bolt and dog, which are shown in their locked positions, the dog being also represented in its retired position by broken lines; Fig. 2, asimilar view with the bolt in its unlocked and the dog in its intermediate position; Fig. 3, a similar view with the secondary or auxiliary bolt added; Fig. 4, a plan view showing the lock complete with the exception of the cover of its case; Fig. 5, a View of thelockin transverse section on the line a b of Fig. 4; Fig. 6, a view corresponding to Fig.l and showing a modified construction, in which the dog is acted upon directly by a guard-key, which is shown in section. Figs. 7 and 8 show guard and base keys, respectively, for the lock shown by Figs. 1 to 5, inclusive.

My invention relates to an improvement in that class of locks particularly designed for the drawers or boxes of safe-deposit vaults, but also applicable for usein other situations and constructed to be operated in part by the vault-custodian and in part by the box-owner, and thereto generally provided with two dissimilar keys, one of which is held by the vault-custodian, who uses it to prepare the lock for being unlocked, and the other by the box-owner, who cannot use it until the lock is thus prepared, the particular obj ect of my invention being to produce a simple and durable lock, well protected against being picked, and constructed with particular reference to compactness, which is especially desirable, as vault-room is valuable and the boxes therefore small.

With these ends in view my invention consists in a lock having certain details of construction and combinations of parts, as will be hereinafter described, and pointed out in the claims.

As my improved lock will generally be constructed for operation by two dissimilar keys, I have chosen that form for description and illustration, although, as before intimated, myimproved lock maybe operated otherwise than by keys.

The lock-case A of the lock shown is of ordinary construction, having its edges recessed, as at a, to-receive the tongues of its cover, which is not shown. A main bolt B, located within this case, is furnished with a stump H and constructed with an elongated slotB2, limiting its throw, and an open longitudinal clearance-slot B3, enteringit from its inner end and receiving the post C, which constitutes the center, upon which the tumblers D are hung. The lower edge of the said bolt is constructed with a notch b,formed in its extreme inner end, and with a beveled operating-face b', located approximately inline with the said notch and between the same and the notch b2, formed in the same edge of the bolt to receive the bits of the keys J and L. The said notch and face co-operate, respectively, with the beveled and hooked ends of a dog E, hung on a pivot e close to the lower edge of the inner end of the bolt and extending in its locked and intermediate positions in a line parallel or approximately parallel with the length thereof. A notch e', formed in the lower edge of the said dog to the rear of its pivotal point, receives the inner end of a bowed spring F, the opposite end of which is inserted into a similar notch formed in asmall circular block F', se-

cured to the bottom of the lock-case at the lower edge thereof in line with the pivot e, before mentioned. In the locked position of the dog, as shown by Fig. l of the drawings, the said spring F exerts a constant effort to keep the dog in that position,while in the intermediate position of the dog, as shown by full lines in Fig. 2 of the drawings, the spring exerts a constant effort to throw it in the same direction and into its locked position, which it will do when the bolt is thrown outward; but, on the other hand, when the dog is thrown into its retired position, in which it IOO is shown by broken lines in Fig. l of the drawings, the upper or inner end of the spring F is shifted to the opposite side of the pivot e, when its action is reversed, tending then to depress the outer and hooked end of the dog and lift the beveled inner end thereof against the face h of the bolt. The said dog is provided near its rear end with a pin E, which is engaged for unlocking` the dog by a bevel G, formed at the rear end of an auxiliary or secondary bolt G', superimposed directly upon the main bolt B, the said secondary bolt being constructed to form an extension G2, projecting from its lower edge over the said dog, inclosin g the sam e, except its extreme inner end, and co-operating with a fender H, which the said extension also extends over, in preventing any access to the dog for unlocking the same by an implement made ot' wire or otherwise and inserted through the keyhole of the lock. The said secondary bolt is constructed with a longitudinal clearance-slot g, which receives the stump B of the main bolt, and with a slot g', corresponding io the slot B2 ot the main bolt, the said slots B2 and g' receiving a pin I, mounted in the bottom of the case and (3o-operating with the end walls ot' the said slots to limit the sliding movement of the bolts. The said secondary bolt is also constructed at its rear end with an open slot g2, receiving the post C and corresponding to the slot B2 of the main bolt. The auxiliary bolt is also provided with a stump G3, which co-operatcs with the tumblers D by entering the inner crossings D thereof. At its loweredge the secondary bolt is cut away, as at g3, to receive the bits ofthe guard-key J. (Shown by Fig. 7.) The tumblers D, which are five in number, as the lock is herein shown, correspond to eachother, except in the location of their crossings D and D2, which are dodged, so to speak, in the usual manner.

Each tumbler is provided at its rear end with a perforation d, adapting it to fit over the post C, with a spring d', by which it is operated, and, as herein shown, with crossings D D2,before mentioned. The said crossings D are compound in their nature and consist of a segmental slot extending transversely to the length of the tumbler and corresponding in width to the width of the stump G3 of the secondary bolt and of a longitudinal slot corresponding in width to the thickness of the said tumbler and opening out of the rear wall of the said segmental slot, the longitudinal slots being dodged,or, in other words, leading out from different points in the rear walls of the transverse slots ol' the respective crossings, The crossings D2 of the tumblers extend longitudinally with the length of the same and open into their outer ends at different points. The lock is further provided with an ordinary slotted rotatable key-hub K of common construction. This key-hub receives both the guard-key and the ordinary or base key L, which is shown by Fig. 8 of the drawings.

To open the lock, the guard-key J is first employed. The bits of this key engage with all of the tumblers and with the auxiliary or secondary bolt G the longitudinal slots of the crossings D of the tumblers being iirst registered with one another in line with the stump G3 of the auxiliary bolt, which may then be moved inward by further rotation of the key. As the said bolt moves inward its bevel G cooperates with the pin E of the dog to depress the hooked inner end ot' the same and move it out ot the notch b, formed in the rear end ot' the main bolt B, which is thus unlocked so far as the said dog is concerned, the dog be ing sufiiciently turned on its center to shift the inner end of its spring F to the opposite side of its pivot e, whereby it is thrown into its retired position, as shown by broken lines in Fig. l of the drawings, in which its beveled inner end engages with the beveled operatingface b of the main bolt. The key is now turned back for throwing the secondary bolt forward again, permitting the tumblers to return to their normal positions and restoring the hub to its normal position.

The described use of the guard-key has simply disengaged the dog from the main bolt, which is left locked against inward movement by the tumblers, the outer crossings D2 whereof are dodged with respect to the stump l. The base-key being now introduced into the lock, its bits co-operate with the main bolt IOO and the tumblers to first align the outer crossi ings D2 of the latter with the stump B of the former and then to slide back the bolt, the said tumblers entering the said crossings and the final unlocking of the lock being thus accomplished. The secondary bolt, it will be observed, is not moved by the base-key. As the main bolt moves back its beveled operating-face b' co-operates with the beveled inner end ot the dog to throw the same into its intermediate position, as shown by Fig. 2 of the drawings, in which its spring F presses its hooked end against the edge of the bolt, which it will engage and lock as soon as the same is thrown forward.

It will be seen from the foregoing that by the use of my improved pivotal spring-actuated dog, in combination with one set of tumblers, each of which has two crossings, and a main and a secondary bolt, the stumps whereof enter the respective sets of crossings, I secure a lock having the advantages of two independent sets of tumblers, and at the saine time much simpler and more compact than a lock constructed with two independent sets of tumblers, as referred to; but the springactuated pivotal dog, constructed to have its specially-formed ends co-operate alternately with one ot the side edges ot the main bolt and forming one of the leading features of my invention, may be used in locks not following the construction shown and described.

Thus in the said construction the primary function of the secondary bolt is to operate the dog in disengaging its hooked inner end from the main bolt. Now, if desired, I may dispense with the secondary bolt and operate the dog directly by the guard-key instead of indirectly or through the said bolt. Such a construction is shown in Fig. 6 of the drawings, representing a lock having a main bolt M and a dog M', the latter corresponding in construction, location, and operation to the dog E of the lock before described, except that instead of being provided at its rear end with a pin to be engaged by a sliding auxiliary bolt it is operated in being disengaged from the main bolt by means of a key N, which engages with its outer end. The fender H (shown by Fig. l of the drawings) is in this case omitted.

Although a lock constructed as shown by Fig. 6 is an effective lock, I prefer the other form. Again, for the security it gives by affording a means of secluding the dog I may prefer to employ the secondary bolt, using it simply as a slide for the operation of the dog. In this case it would have no stump, nor would the tumblers have inner crossings, the guard and main locking sides of the lock having no bond or union, so to speak, but the dog.

The next step in the higher organization of a lock containing my improved dog and a bolt for operating the same would be to provide the said bolt with a short stump and construct one or more of the lower tumblers with compound inner crossings to co-operate with the said stump, which would then be proportioned in length to the number of tumblers adapted to co-operate with it, the remaining tumblers having no inner crossings and swinging over the upper end of the said stump.

Instead of operating both the tumblers (or the tumbler) and the dog by keys, I might arrange to operate the former by a dial and the latter with a key, or vice versa, or I might arrange to operate both the tumblers and the dog by dials or by any other of the means employed to operate lock mechanisms, the only requirement being that the main bolt and dog must have independent means of initial operation, so that the lock may not be opened except by the concurrent action of two persons.

I have not described or shown the modifications suggested, except that of operating the dog directly by a key, as they seemed too obvious to require either extended description l fairly fall within the spirit and scope of my invention.

Having fully described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a safety-lock, the combination, with the bolt thereof, of a spring-actuated pivotal dog located near one of the side edges of the said bolt and having its respective ends adapted to engage one atatime with the edge thereof, its inner edge being hooked to lock the bolt in the projected position of the same and its opposite end being adapted for engagement by the bolt which is thereto constructed to turn it on its pivot, one or more tumblers also combined with the bolt and locking the same independently of the said dog, and independent means for the initial operation of the said tumbler or :tumblers and the dog, substantially as set forth.

2. In a safety-lock, the combination, with the bolt thereof, of a locking-dog therefor, a secondary bolt for co-operating with the said dog, one or more tumblers combined with the main bolt and locking it independently of the said dog, and independent means for op.- erating the said tumbler or tumblers and the secondary bolt, substantially as described.

3. In a safety-lock, the combination, with the bolt thereof, of a locking-dog therefor, a secondary bolt co-operating with the said dog, one or more tumblers combined with the main bolt and locking it independently of the said dog and superimposed upon the saidsecondary bolt, and independent means for operating the said tumbler or tumblers and secondary bolt, substantially as described.

et. In a safety-lock, the combination, with the bolt thereof, which is furnished with a stump, of alocking-dog therefor, a secondary bolt co -operating with the said dog for unlocking the same and having a stump, one or more tumblers having two independent crossings respectively receiving the stumps of the main and secondary bolts, and independent means for operating the said tumbler or tumblers and secondary bolt, substantially as described.

5. In a safety-lock, the combination, with the main bolt thereof, of a locking-dog therefor, a secondary bolt which co-operates with the said dog and is extended at one edge to inclose the same, one or more tumblers arranged to lock the main bolt independently of the dog, and independent means for operating the said tumbler or tumblers and the secondary bolt, substantially as described.

6. In a safety-lock, the combination, with the main bolt thereof, of a locking-dog therefor hung on a pivot close to the lower edge of the said bolt and having its respective ends adapted to co-operate one at a time with the said edge of the bolt, its inner end being hooked, a spring engaged with the said dog to be shifted thereby and to exert itself on IOO IIO

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opposite sides of the pivot on which the dog specification in the presence of two subscribtui'ns according to the position of the dog, ing Witnesses. one or more tumblers to look the said bolt, and independent means for operating the said JAMES RO CHE 5 tumbler or tumblers and dog7 substantially as Vitnesses:

described. GEO. W. CROSSLEY, In testimony whereof I have signed this C. W. HUMPHREY. 

